Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Essay - 1779 Words

Psychology is defined as the science of mind and behavior its immediate goal is to understand humanity by both discovering general principles and exploring specific cases. There have been numerous developments of psychology thanks to the magnificent works of Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Sigmund Freud. Each discovery has its own point of view; Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development point was made for parents and teachers challenge the childs abilities, Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Development was based on the understandings of moral concepts such as justice, rights, equality and human welfare. The Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development centered on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on the individual psyche. Jean Piaget†¦show more content†¦Doing his research Piaget noticed the children used classification which simple means they put certain things together in groups to have better understands of the of the common features. A more advanced type of grouping is Class Inclusion which basically means a sub-group inside of a group is known as class inclusion. Piaget came up with four different stages in his research; Sensori-motor, Pre-operational, Concrete operational, Formal operational. Sensori-motor is the stage that ranges from birth until they reach two. In this stage the baby looks at its surroundings and differentiates itself from everything else. The baby sees himself as an agent of action and begins to act intentionally, like if they shake their rattle they will hear a noise that they created. From the ages of 2-7 the Pre-operational stage is in play where the child begins to learn language and to recognize objects by pictures in the mind and words heard. Also in this stage the child starts to group together certain objects by classifications, group together all blue toys without caring about the type of toy or putting all the same type of toys together regardless of color. At the age of 7-11 Concrete operational stage the child will start thinking logically about objects and events as in the conservation of number, mass, and weight. Formal operational is the final stage starts at 11 and goes up and can think logicallyShow MoreRelatedFreuds Theory of Psychosexual Development1933 Words   |  8 PagesFreud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development â€Å"Oral to Genital stage, how it affected me as an individual.† Submitted By: Submitted To: Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is based on erogenous zones which are important stages of development. According to the theory, there are five stages throughout one’s life: Oral phase, anal phase, phallic phase, latency phase, and genital stage. Each stage is involved in particular conflicts that must be resolvedRead MoreFreud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Applied to Finding Nemo1746 Words   |  7 Pages Most people think his view are absolutely out of line and incorrect, but after studying him more in depth, you will find that he was not that crazy as you might have thought. For example, in this paper you will come to find that personality and Freud’s views on it aren’t really that off point. In the movie Finding Nemo, there is a father name Marlin, and a little son named Nemo. The personality of Nemo is he is an off the wall little clown fish that likes to take chances and is what we would callRead More‘Evaluate the Extent to Which Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Can Help Us to Understand a Client’s Presenting Issue?’3352 Words   |  14 PagesModule Two Essay Title: ‘Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue?’ Introduction The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand aRead MoreEvaluate the Extent to Which Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Can Help Us to Understand a Clients Presenting Issue?2411 Words   |  10 Pageswhich Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I will be describing Freud’s psychosexual theory and its relationship to adult neurotic behaviour as well as looking at the criticisms of Freudian theory. According to Freud personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behaviour later on in life. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is oneRead MoreEvaluate the Extent to Which Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Can Help Us to Understand a Clients Presenting Issues2632 Words   |  11 Pagesthe extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues Introduction Freud’s approach to understanding human behaviour – psychoanalysis – has had a profound effect on psychology. His approach is one of many that share some common assumptions, while differing fundamentally in others. Contemporaries of Freud, such as Jung and Adler were inspired by Freudian theory, but emphasised different issues in human development and experience. CollectivelyRead MoreA Metaphor from Freud’s Psychosexual Stages682 Words   |  3 Pagesusing Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages as a metaphor for a counselor’s development with their clients. The five psychosexual stages are first outlined from the generic standpoint of Freud’s theories. The article then continues to directly compare each stage with the counseling process and exactly how the two processes are similar. Alongside the comparison, the rest of the article outlines how a counselor should interact with their client. An overview of the psychosexual stag es is criticalRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Development1000 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory of development is and why it is important for the developing child to overcome said conflicts. I also talked about the different effects of not overcoming the conflicts Freud had determined that would lead to adult behaviors. Over the years, Sigmund Freud has created many theories involving many different ideas in the psychological world. One theory that stood out to me throughout our journey in introduction to psychology is Freud’s developmental theory. FreudRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory1652 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson s psychosocial theory and Sigmund Freud s psychosexual theory are two well-known theories of personality development with various similarities and differences. While Erikson was influenced by Freud s ideas, his theory differed in a number of important ways and was ultimately created to be an improvement to Freud’s personality development theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Like Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson agreed that personality progresses in a sequence of predeterminedRead MoreShedding Light On Freud s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory1525 Words   |  7 Pages Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Krystle D. Kraft St. Johns River State College: Human Growth and Development Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theories suggest that developmental changes happen due to the power of internal drives and emotions. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician, is said to be the founding father of this theory. He believed biological impulses, such as a need for food and sex, were the drivingRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Phychoanalysis821 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping the theories and techniques of psychoanalysis. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis which is a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on the free association, dreams and fantasies of the patient. Sigmund Freud was greatly influenced by the work of his friend and colleague Josef Breuer. Together the two published their theories and findings in Studies of Hysteria. Eventually the two parted ways because of different ideas. Freud’s theories were and still

Top 15 Tips for the ACT Exam

ACT got you down? Scared pantsless about what’s in store for you when you drag yourself into the testing center for this multiple-choice exam? Well, button it up. The following ACT tips are going to get you a better ACT score. So memorize these bad boys, okay? No cheat sheets are allowed. Top 15 ACT Tips Answer Every Question Yes, even the hard ones. You won’t be penalized for guessing like you would if you were taking the old SAT test. For the record, the Redesigned SAT exam, which was first administered in March 2016, doesnt penalize for wrong answers anymore, either. Use POE Before Guessing POE is process of elimination. Each question will have at least one answer that’s way out there. Physically cross off that answer so you won’t be tempted to use it, and you’ll up your odds of guessing correctly. Then go back and see if you can cross off at least one more. Start Easy Answer all of the easy questions first, then move on to the difficult ones. The longer, more difficult questions arent worth any more points than the easier questions. So get all the points you can as fast as you can. Memorize the Directions During the test, you won’t get extra time to read the directions, so if you take five minutes to figure out what to do, that’s five fewer minutes you’ll have to get points. Don’t Doodle On the answer sheet, that is. The ACT is graded by a machine; if your chicken scratch interferes with the reading mechanism, you could miss out on points. Keep the sheet of ovals as clean as is possible. Erase Completely Bring two erasers: one for the heavy-duty erasing you may need to do and another clean eraser to fix up your ovals completely. You don’t want erasure marks mucking up your answers and causing you to lose points. Pace Yourself On some test sections, you’ll have a little less than 30 seconds to answer each question, so keep that in mind. Don’t spend three minutes staring off into space or rereading a longer passage; stay focused. Bring a Watch Archaic, yes, what with your cell phone and all, but since you won’t be able to have your cell phone with you, bring a watch. There’s no guarantee you’ll be testing in a room with a working clock. Reconsider the Obvious If an answer seems too easy, it may just be. Be sure to read every answer choice and select the best possible answer. The obvious choice may be a distracter. Don’t Second-Guess If you marked B for question 18, there was probably a good reason for it, so don’t go back and change it, unless youve found information in a later part of the test to disprove your original theory. Statistics prove that your first guess is usually the best one. Come Back to Toughies If you’re stuck between two answer choices, circle the question and come back to it with fresh eyes after you’ve answered the other questions. Remember, you have to pace yourself. Cross-Check Ovals Every five questions or so, double-check your answer sheet to make sure you haven’t skipped an oval. There’s nothing worse than getting to the end of a test and realizing you missed filling in an oval somewhere and having to erase everything. Bring Your Own Calculator The test center will not provide you with one, so bring an approved calculator for easier math work. (All the questions can be answered without one, but bring one anyway.) Outline Before Writing If you’re taking the essay, be sure to take five out of the 40 minutes and plan before you write. It isn’t a waste of time; the scorers are looking for well-organized essays. The best way to get one is to plan ahead with either an outline or graphic organizer. Practice You’ve heard it before, but it’s really the truth. Buy an ACT prep book, and answer every single question in it. You’ll gain confidence and a lot of extra points by doing so. These 15 tips may just be lifesavers when you’re taking the ACT, so be sure to follow them all.

Hcs 320 Communication Free Essays

Communication Opinion Paper Karen Candido-Johnson HCS320 March 18, 2013 Lynn Bell Communication Opinion Paper Communication is expression of meaning through verbal and non-verbal means. It is the basis for relaying all information to another person or persons. We use it every day to tell people how we feel, to inform them of a situation or just to say hi. We will write a custom essay sample on Hcs 320 Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Effective communication is essential to getting your ideas and thoughts across accurately and understood. Healthcare communication differs since the information is more sensitive than communication, say, between friends. The patient has to be able to effectively give their concerns over to a stranger for the most part and it is the Dr. ’s job to understand that information given. Culture can also play a role too as different ideas about what communication is varies. The basic elements of communication which are listening, body language, speaking, open ended questions, summarizing, emotions and follow up (Hewitt,2009). For effective communication to occur shared understanding must happen (Cheesbro, O’Connor Rios, 2010) You can have all the basics of communication but unless both parties understand each other then it is just baseless information. The basic elements of effective communication differ from the basic rules of health care because there is often not shared understanding. A provider will receive the information from the patient regarding symptoms and make an informed decision. The Dr. will then try to explain to the patient the problem but it is hard to do so when someone does not have the medical background to understand what the situation is. This makes it difficult for effective communication to occur. In order to have the best chance at effective communication the provider has to encourage the patient to give as much information as possible. Patients may have a difficult time getting across to their Dr. what they are feeling or what is going on. It is then the providers responsibility to coax the patient into relaying the information in a way that they can understand. They can do this by being empathetic with the patient and showing kindness. By being open and friendly they can put the patient at ease and this would make it easier for them to talk about difficult issues they are facing. As McDonald (2006) said engage the patient and move beyond them feeling like an intruder and develop a relationship and report with the patient. Putsch (1985) said communication in health care is a complex issue. Language and cultural barriers complicate the situation. The primary problem is language. This can be fixed with interpreters to some extent, but you still have the basic cultural issues to go through. What one culture might see as not a problem, say loose bowels, could actually be an outlying cause of another more serious issue. There are also cultures where seeing a Dr. is not the way to fix an illness and they rely on homeopathic remedies rather than western medicine. This becomes problematic when a Dr. is seeing the patient after all else has failed and they don’t know what caused the symptoms, whether it was the cure or the actual illness. Dr. ’s and nurses have to be careful what they ask and how to speak to a patient because it might cause alarm or be considered rudeness when asked. Most hospitals and health centers now have cultural training to help providers navigate the minefield of problems associated with this. Everyone has some type of communication in their daily lives. It is effortless to most people. Something we do without thinking. In healthcare though, we have to be extra vigilant to make sure the lines of communication stay open. Without effective communication a patient is not able to tell their provider what is wrong and there for the provider will not be able to make a good diagnosis and help cure the patient. References: Cheesebro, T. , O’Connor, L. , ; Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the Workplace  . Pearson Education Hewitt, D. (2009,  December). Basics of Effective Communication. Live Strong   McDonald, D. D. (2006). Health care communication. New York, United States, New York: Springer Publishing Company. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/189457409? accountid=35812 Putsch MD, R. W. (1985,  December). Cross-cultural Communication The Special Case of Interpreters in Health Care. Journal Of American Medical Association,  254(23). How to cite Hcs 320 Communication, Papers

Conduct and Create Expert Interviews †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Conduct and Create Expert Interviews. Answer: Introduction: Interviews are an important tool in research. An interview is a conversation between two or more individuals where questions are asked by the interviewer with the aim of obtaining information from the interview. An expert interview refers to an interview in which the respondent is an expert in his or her field of study (Expert Interview, n.d.). This kind of interview can be done either one-on-one or in a large group and can either be informal or formal held over the phone, by email or face-to-face. On the other hand, a desk interview research refers to the process of reviewing previous interviews in order to gain a broad understanding of information within a given field of study. Noteworthy, both interview methods are useful in obtaining information during the research process. It is noteworthy that expert comprises of a session between the researcher and the interviewee. They are a form of explanatory research technique that is used to gather primary data on a specific area of study. Various steps are followed when conducting an expert interview. The first step involves the process of determining what kind of expert is needed for that particular interview (Palm, 2015). After deciding on the experts to be interviewed, give them a preview of the types of questions that the researcher will be asking and let them know how long the interview will take. The third step involves choosing experts with different points of views in order to get a diverse opinion on the subject matter (Marcello, 2014). On the day of the interview, the researcher is expected to ask smart and researched questions during the interaction. It is also important to record the interviewees responses either through writing or using a recorder. On the other hand, a desk interview is conducted n ot for purposes of collecting data but to review previous interviews within the same field of study in order to gain a better understanding of the subject matter (Desk Research, n.d.). Importance of the interviews By and large, both types of interviews are important sources of information in a research study. As a whole, expert and desk interviews are important because they allow the interviewer to collect useful information and data about a particular topic. In the case of expert interviews, the researcher can obtain a greater insight about a specific area of study in which the expert has specialized. In turn, this allows the researcher to gain vast knowledge on the subject matter to help in making conclusions for the research. In addition, an expert interview allows the researcher to ask more detailed questions to the respond and even seek clarification in areas that are not clear (Hartman, 2017). Consequently, this ensures that the information gathered during the study is well understood and can be applied to make informed decisions for the research. Furthermore, both expert and desk interviews are important because the respondents of the study cannot be influenced by external factors (DeFr anzo, 2014). Therefore, the information gathered in the study is largely accurate and concise, and can be used in analysis. Despite the various advantages associated with desk and expert interviews, it is worth pointing out that there have various disadvantages. Firstly, conducting these interviews can be very time-consuming. Mainly, this is because the interview process requires setting up the interview, conducting the actual interview, transcribing and analyzing the interview results before reporting, providing feedback and interpreting the results of the interview. Besides, the interpretation of information from the interviews is subject to personal opinion as different interviewers may understand and interpret the information from interviews differently. The research process adopted for this study will take into consideration the ethical implications of the study. Primarily, the ethical concerns and implications take into consideration whether or not the research will bring harm to the participants of the study, whether an express consent is obtained from the interviewee before we begin the interviewing process, if there are any cases of deception is involved in the process of interviewing, and whether there is an invasion of the privacy of the respond (Bryman and Bell, 2015, p.128). It is worth noting that the study we conduct will not break any ethical or moral rules. Precisely, this implies that before conducting the interviews, the researchers will obtain consent from the respondents and ensure their willingness to take part in the process. Additionally, the interviewer will preserve the privacy of its respondents by not revealing personal information during reporting and preserve their anonymity. Furthermore, the study will not result in the harming of the interviewee in any way. Reference List Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. 4th ed. London: Oxford University Press, p.128. Defranzo, S. (2014). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Data Collection. [online] Snap Surveys. Available at: https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-facetoface-data-collection/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Desk research: the what, why and how. [online] User Focus. Available at: https://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/desk-research-the-what-why-and-how.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Expert Interview. [online] Knowledge Sharing Toolkit. Available at: https://www.kstoolkit.org/Expert+Interview [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Expert-interview. [online] Design Kit. Available at: https://www.designkit.org/methods/43 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Hartman, D. (2017). What Are the Advantages Disadvantages of Interviews?. [online] Bizfluent. Available at: https://bizfluent.com/about-7536454-advantages-disadvantages-interviews.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Marcello, P. (2014). How to Conduct Create Content from Expert Interviews. [online] SEMRush Blog. Available at: https://www.semrush.com/blog/conduct-create-content-expert-interviews/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Palm, T. (2015). Conducting Expert-interviews: some dos and donts. [online] Socializing Science. Available at: https://socializingsciencevu.com/2015/05/08/conducting-expert-interviews-some-dos-and-donts/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].